What is tmj/tmd temporomandibular joints (TMJs) are the two hinge-like joints that connect your lower jaw to your skull. TMD is a set of problems that make these joints and the muscles that move them hurt.
There are many possible causes of TMD. Some of these are inherited, like the shape of your face and skull, or develop as you age. Others are caused by stress or by the way you use your mouth and jaw. People who clench or grind their teeth, or have poor posture, are at higher risk for TMD. Other risk factors include an injury to the jaw, arthritis, or problems with the teeth.
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Your health care provider will ask you about your past dental and health history, and do a physical exam. They will check how your jaw moves, listen for sounds when you open and close your mouth, and look at the inside of your cheeks and gums. They may also order imaging tests, such as an X-ray, CT scan, or MRI, to help diagnose TMD and find out what is causing it.
Treatments for TMD can help reduce pain and improve function. The most common treatments are a mouthguard or bite plate to wear while you sleep to prevent clenching and grinding, and medicines that can relieve pain and relax the muscles. Other treatments that have been used include prolotherapy (pro-loe-THE-therapy), a treatment that uses injections to stimulate the growth of new tissue in the joint; and surgery to rebuild or replace the damaged joint.
